Cases of New Scenario is actually predict having PS and therefore out-of Equivalent Circumstances for AusE audience
Based on complete LDA categories, each other listener communities are expected to come across Comparable Situation when differentiating Dutch /?-?/, as these vowels is actually acoustically just like distinctive line of local phonemes. However, in line with the stepwise DAs both Dutch /?/ and /?/ bear F1 resemblance so you can AusE /?/, F2 similarity to help you AusE /?:/ and /?/, and you will F3 similarity so you’re able to AusE /?/, /?:/ and /?/. But not, based on classification rates (elizabeth.grams., F2: Dutch /?/ > AusE /?:/, 80% and you can /?/ 15%, Dutch /?/ > AusE /?/, 95% and you can /?:/, 5%), it is predict one to AusE listeners, against Subset Scenario, is to differentiate these two phonemes due to the because of the lower acoustic overlap involving the F2 and F3 cues. However, PS listeners are forecast showing down discrimination precision versus AusE listeners due to a high acoustic convergence all over most of the three acoustic proportions and are generally after that likely to categorize one another vowels while the PS /i/, /e/, and you will /u/.
In line with the overall Da and stepwise activities, AusE listeners are predict to get the Dutch /a-?/ a little challenging to discern since these vowels were categorized across the one or two or higher AusE vowel kinds, when you are PS listeners is actually predict to come across The newest Circumstances because of the mostly mapping the latest musical relative to PS /a/.
From inside the contribution, in the event that forecasts predicated on listeners’ L1 vowel inventories size try borne away, AusE audience, whoever vowel collection is actually bigger than that PS, are essential to own large discrimination precision than PS audience to possess all the four Dutch contrasts. Instead and following the L2LP’s acoustic theory, in the event the acoustic differences between L1 and L2 influence low-indigenous voice impression, one another listener groups’ discrimination dilemmas is yield similar efficiency. Which is, one another listener organizations are required to stand the latest, Similar, and you can Subset Issues. To check such contrastive hypotheses, naive AusE listeners’ XAB discrimination and you can categorization of 5 Dutch vowel contrasts (/a-?/, /?-i/, /y-?/, /i-y/, and you will /?-?/) was as opposed to those from naive PS listeners said in previous education (Escudero and you may Wanrooij, 2010; Escudero and Williams, 2011).
Players
Twenty-two monolingual AusE students aged 18–45 years (Mage = 24.1 years; 11 females) participated for course credit at Western Sydney University. Participants were born and raised in Greater Western Sydney, and reported no experience with Dutch or any hearing impairment.
Non-native vowel categorization data from the same AusE listeners were compared to non-native vowel categorization data from 40 PS monolinguals (20 females) from Lima, Peru reported in Escudero and Williams (2011). Participants ranged in age from 18 to 30 years 2 , and reported no knowledge of Dutch or hearing impairment. XAB discrimination data from our AusE listeners was then compared to discrimination data of 22 PS listeners reported in Escudero and Wanrooij (2010). Listeners were monolinguals aged 17–28 years (Mage = ; 10 females) born and raised in Lima, Peru their entire life and reported no knowledge of Dutch.
Participant investigation collection to the establish studies is actually done in accordance toward Individual Look Integrity Panel (HREC), Western Sydney College, acceptance matter H9373.
Stimulus and you may Processes
Both groups of people basic complete a-two-solution pushed solutions XAB discrimination task with good nonnative categorization task. The newest auditory stimuli for the XAB discrimination activity was 20 without a doubt produced tokens of each of your own five Dutch vowels /a/, /?/, /?/, /i/, /y/, and you may /?/, extracted from tracks developed by 20 indigenous Basic Northern Dutch speakers (ten girls) for the monosyllabic utterances inside a neutral low-keyword /sVs/ consonantal perspective inserted inside a supplier sentence (Adank mais aussi al., 2004b). Throughout the XAB task, audience heard three music consecutively and you will was in fact after that questioned to indicate perhaps the basic sound (X) sounded more like the next (A) otherwise third (B) sound because of the clicking on one of two yellow squares (viz. “2” and “3”) demonstrated towards a computer display screen. There clearly was a keen inter-stimulus period of just one.dos s, that has been selected because it’s long enough to end in phonological activation (Werker and you will Logan, 1985; Van Hesse and you may Schouten, 1999; Escudero and you can Wanrooij, 2010), and you can a keen inter-demonstration period away from 0.5 s after the participant’s solutions. The fresh experiment are presented during the Praat and you may contains four stops (you to definitely for every single evaluate-/a-?/, /?-i/, /y-?/, /i-?/, and / Charleroi girls for marriage?-?/) which includes 80 trials for every.
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